Duparc said a perfumer of this caliber would never use “junk” ingredients. “That’s not an approach to their creative process,” she said. “Instead, they will use beautiful, original, natural ingredients, albeit probably in much smaller quantities. Then, they will support those premium biosynthetic materials that are skin-safe, sustainable ingredients with powerful long-lasting properties. Efficacy. When it comes to biosynthesis, the cost per gram or per milliliter is typically much lower than using raw, natural ingredients, so this can keep costs down, said Amanda Carr, fragrance trend forecaster and co-founder of We Wear Perfume. Says niche brands tend to use more unusual ingredients, which can be expensive (Emma cites orris butter, which she says costs more per kilogram than gold.) “Niche perfumes. It’s also usually more concentrated, with the concentration of perfume oils in perfumes often reaching 25% and sometimes even 30%,” says Carr. This makes the perfume last longer.